One more thing, I almost forgot:
Anyone who contacts Astercard or VISA to locate the acquirer:
This will be rejected. VISA and Mastercard are not obligated to provide information because there is no contract with the cardholder. The cardholder is connected to Visa and Mastercard through their bank.
The acquirer identifier is only disclosed to the bank. Even if the acquirer is disclosed, they usually refuse to provide further information, stating: "There is no contract with you as the end customer; please contact the bank."
To get to the acquirer, one would have to submit a trace request via one's own bank to Visa and Mastercard; some banks shy away from this effort.
Banks usually see what you see: merchant name, date, and amount. And the ARN. The bank would then need to submit the trace using the ARN. The ARN is issued by Mastercard and Visa to track the payment within the network, including refunds. If the acquirer receives it, that's lucky. If the acquirer responds, that's lucky.
Here are a few more PSPs that process payments:
Simpleracoin:
They replied that they would issue a refund, but nothing arrived. Chargeback successful. According to the bank statement, Palwallet is also involved.
Kryptonim:
They issued refunds for a while, but stopped because it became too frequent. Chargebacks were partially successful. In one case, they agreed to a refund from the bank. The transaction appears on the bank statement as KTM.
Segopay and similar systems are somewhat more complicated. It's more intricate. It's an orchestra with an acquirer connection.
Cardaq:
Ombudsman proceedings are underway, likely with a negative outcome, because, as described above, there is no contract with Cardaq. Details are being withheld due to the pending proceedings.